Tomcat支持三种接收请求的处理方式：BIO、NIO、APR
软件版本: Tomcat9.0.85
操作系统: Rockylinux 8.9
BIO由于每个请求都要创建一个线程来处理，线程开销比较大，不能再高并发的场景，性能也是最低的。
NIO是一个基于缓冲区、并能提供非阻塞I/O操作的Java API，比传统的bio更好的并发性能。
APR（Apache Portable Run-time libraries）简单理解，就是从操作系统级别解决异步IO问题，大幅度的提高服务器的处理和响应性能， 也是Tomcat运行高并发应用的首选模式。
所需软件的下载地址
https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/apr/
tomcat-native在tomcat的bin下
* apr
* apr-iconv
* apr-util
* tomcat-native
安装依赖
yum install -y apr-devel openssl-devel gcc make expat-devel libtool
安装软件
cd /usr/local/src
wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/apr/apr-1.6.5.tar.gz
tar xf apr-1.6.5.tar.gz
cd apr-1.6.5/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
cd /usr/local/src
wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/apr/apr-iconv-1.2.2.tar.gz
tar xf apr-iconv-1.2.2.tar.gz
cd apr-iconv-1.2.2/
./configure --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --prefix=/usr/local/apr-iconv
make && make install
cd /usr/local/src
wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.3.tar.gz
tar xf apr-util-1.6.3.tar.gz
cd apr-util-1.6.3/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-iconv=/usr/local/apr-iconv/bin/apriconv
make && make install
wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/native/1.2.39/source/tomcat-native-1.2.39-src.tar.gz
tar xf tomcat-native-1.2.39-src.tar.gz
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/tomcat-native --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-ssl=yes
make && make install
echo -e 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/apr/lib\nexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/tomcat-native/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/lib\nexport LD_RUN_PATH=$LD_RUN_PATH:/usr/local/apr/lib' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
启用 Tomcat Native Library(上面已配置,这一步可不做)
在 $CATALINA_HOME/bin 目录下新建 setenv.sh:
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat-native/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
tomcat的server.xml需要更换成以下配置
namePrefix="catalina-exec-" maxThreads="300" minSpareThreads="30"/> port="8080" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="900" disableUploadTimeout="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" enableLookups="false" compression="on" compressionMinSize="1024" /> /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 查看端口情况 [root@slave bin]# netstat -tulnp | grep 8080tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 84309/java 附脚本 #!/bin/bash ### # @Descripttion: # @Author: zhouzl # @version: tomcat9apr环境配置 在rocky8.10上测试通过 # @Date: 2024-02-27 16:22:57 # @LastEditors: zhouzl # @LastEditTime: 2024-12-17 14:23:57 # 基于openjdk-1.8.0.432，如果是其它版需要替换tomcat.service中的相关参数 # 脚本为的source环境执行完毕之后可能会不生效.需要重新执行一遍 source /etc/profile 解决方法是使用 source 脚本名 的方式来执行脚本 # ps： 脚本里面无法成功启动tomcat,需要手工启动 ### tomcatversion='9.0.98' aprversion='1.7.5' apriconvversion='1.2.2' aprutilvreion='1.6.3' tomcatnativeversion='1.3.1' #tomcat-native 位于tomcat安装包的bin下面 #判断程序是否存在 program_exists() { local ret='0' command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1 || { local ret='1'; } # fail on non-zero return value if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then return 1 fi return 0 } #获取输入 function get_char() { SAVEDSTTY=$(stty -g) stty -echo stty cbreak dd if=/dev/tty bs=1 count=1 2> /dev/null stty -raw stty echo stty "$SAVEDSTTY" } enable_pause=1 #暂停 function pause() { if [ "x$1" != "x" ]; then echo "$1" fi if [ $enable_pause -eq 1 ]; then echo "Press any key to continue!" char=$(get_char) fi } program_exists java yum install -y apr-devel wget openssl-devel gcc make expat-devel libtool net-tools wget java-1.8.0-openjdk* source /root/.bash_profile echo ".........tomcat安装............." #判断tomcat是否存存，存在则跳过 if [ -h "/usr/local/tomcat" ];then echo "tomcat已存在，跳过安装" break else echo "................开始下载tomcat............." wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v"${tomcatversion}"/bin/apache-tomcat-"${tomcatversion}".tar.gz tar xvf apache-tomcat-"${tomcatversion}".tar.gz -C /usr/local/ ln -s /usr/local/apache-tomcat-"${tomcatversion}"/ /usr/local/tomcat fi cd /usr/local/src || exit echo "开始安装APR" wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/apr/apr-"${aprversion}".tar.gz tar xf apr-"${aprversion}".tar.gz cd /usr/local/src/apr-"${aprversion}"/ || exit ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr make && make install echo "开始安装apr-iconv" cd /usr/local/src || exit wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/apr/apr-iconv-"${apriconvversion}".tar.gz tar xf apr-iconv-"${apriconvversion}".tar.gz cd apr-iconv-"${apriconvversion}"/ || exit ./configure --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --prefix=/usr/local/apr-iconv make && make install echo "开始安装apr-util" cd /usr/local/src || exit wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/apr/apr-util-"${aprutilvreion}".tar.gz tar xf apr-util-"${aprutilvreion}".tar.gz cd apr-util-"${aprutilvreion}"/ || exit ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-iconv=/usr/local/apr-iconv/bin/apriconv make && make install JAVA_BIN=$(which java) echo "${JAVA_BIN}" JAVA_HOME=$(realpath "${JAVA_BIN}") echo "${JAVA_HOME}" BASE_NAME=$(basename "${JAVA_HOME}") echo "${BASE_NAME}" while [[ ${BASE_NAME} == "bin" || ${BASE_NAME} == "jre" || ${BASE_NAME} == "java" ]] do JAVA_HOME=$(dirname "${JAVA_HOME}") echo "JAVA_HOME: " "${JAVA_HOME}" BASE_NAME=$(basename "${JAVA_HOME}") echo "BASE_NAME: " "${BASE_NAME}" done echo "JAVA_HOME: ${JAVA_HOME}" echo "开始安装tomcat-native" cd /usr/local/src || exit wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/native/"${tomcatnativeversion}"/source/tomcat-native-"${tomcatnativeversion}"-src.tar.gz tar xf tomcat-native-"${tomcatnativeversion}"-src.tar.gz cd /usr/local/src/tomcat-native-"${tomcatnativeversion}"-src/native || exit ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/tomcat-native --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-java-home="${JAVA_HOME}" make && make install echo -e "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/apr/lib\nexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/tomcat-native/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/lib\nexport LD_RUN_PATH=$LD_RUN_PATH:/usr/local/apr/lib" >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile cat >/usr/local/tomcat/bin/setenv.sh < LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat-native/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/lib export LD_LIBRARY_PATH EOF #tomcat配置文件 cat >/usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml < type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> namePrefix="catalina-exec-" maxThreads="300" minSpareThreads="30"/> port="8080" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="900" disableUploadTimeout="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" enableLookups="false" compression="on" compressionMinSize="1024" /> resourceName="UserDatabase"/> prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> protocolHeader="X-Forwarded-Proto" protocolHeaderHttpsValue="https"/> EOF mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default useradd www -s /sbin/nologin chown -R www:www /usr/local/tomcat/ chmod -R 744 /usr/local/tomcat chown -R www:www /data/wwwroot/ #生成tomcat启动服务 cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service < [Unit] Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking Environment="JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.432.b06-2.el8.x86_64/" ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh PrivateTmp=true User=www Group=www [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable tomcat systemctl restart tomcat 附centos7下tomcat 9.0106 #!/bin/bash ### # @Descripttion: # @Author: zhouzl # @version: tomcat9 apr环境配置 在centos7.9上测试通过 openssl3.5 # @Date: 2025-06-24 09:22:57 # @LastEditors: zhouzl # @LastEditTime: 2025-06-24 09:22:57 # 基于openjdk-1.8.0.412，如果是其它版需要替换 tomcat.service 中的相关参数 # 脚本为的source环境执行完毕之后可能会不生效.需要重新执行一遍 source /etc/profile 解决方法是使用 source 脚本名 的方式来执行脚本 # ps： 脚本里面无法成功启动tomcat,需要手工启动 ### tomcatversion='9.0.106' aprversion='1.7.6' apriconvversion='1.2.2' aprutilvreion='1.6.3' tomcatnativeversion='1.3.1' #tomcat-native 位于tomcat安装包的bin下面 #判断程序是否存在 program_exists() { local ret='0' command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1 || { local ret='1'; } # fail on non-zero return value if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then return 1 fi return 0 } #获取输入 function get_char() { SAVEDSTTY=$(stty -g) stty -echo stty cbreak dd if=/dev/tty bs=1 count=1 2> /dev/null stty -raw stty echo stty "$SAVEDSTTY" } enable_pause=1 #暂停 function pause() { if [ "x$1" != "x" ]; then echo "$1" fi if [ $enable_pause -eq 1 ]; then echo "Press any key to continue!" char=$(get_char) fi } program_exists java yum install -y apr-devel wget openssl-devel gcc make expat-devel libtool net-tools wget java-1.8.0-openjdk* source /root/.bash_profile echo ".........tomcat安装............." #判断tomcat是否存存，存在则跳过 if [ -h "/usr/local/tomcat" ];then echo "tomcat已存在，跳过安装" break else echo "................开始下载tomcat............." wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v"${tomcatversion}"/bin/apache-tomcat-"${tomcatversion}".tar.gz tar xvf apache-tomcat-"${tomcatversion}".tar.gz -C /usr/local/ ln -s /usr/local/apache-tomcat-"${tomcatversion}"/ /usr/local/tomcat fi cd /usr/local/src || exit echo "开始安装APR" wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/apr/apr-"${aprversion}".tar.gz tar xf apr-"${aprversion}".tar.gz cd /usr/local/src/apr-"${aprversion}"/ || exit ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr make && make install echo "开始安装apr-iconv" cd /usr/local/src || exit wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/apr/apr-iconv-"${apriconvversion}".tar.gz tar xf apr-iconv-"${apriconvversion}".tar.gz cd apr-iconv-"${apriconvversion}"/ || exit ./configure --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --prefix=/usr/local/apr-iconv make && make install echo "开始安装apr-util" cd /usr/local/src || exit wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/apr/apr-util-"${aprutilvreion}".tar.gz tar xf apr-util-"${aprutilvreion}".tar.gz cd apr-util-"${aprutilvreion}"/ || exit ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-iconv=/usr/local/apr-iconv/bin/apriconv make && make install JAVA_BIN=$(which java) echo "${JAVA_BIN}" JAVA_HOME=$(realpath "${JAVA_BIN}") echo "${JAVA_HOME}" BASE_NAME=$(basename "${JAVA_HOME}") echo "${BASE_NAME}" while [[ ${BASE_NAME} == "bin" || ${BASE_NAME} == "jre" || ${BASE_NAME} == "java" ]] do JAVA_HOME=$(dirname "${JAVA_HOME}") echo "JAVA_HOME: " "${JAVA_HOME}" BASE_NAME=$(basename "${JAVA_HOME}") echo "BASE_NAME: " "${BASE_NAME}" done echo "JAVA_HOME: ${JAVA_HOME}" echo "开始安装tomcat-native" cd /usr/local/src || exit wget https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/apache/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/native/"${tomcatnativeversion}"/source/tomcat-native-"${tomcatnativeversion}"-src.tar.gz tar xf tomcat-native-"${tomcatnativeversion}"-src.tar.gz cd /usr/local/src/tomcat-native-"${tomcatnativeversion}"-src/native || exit ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/tomcat-native --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-java-home="${JAVA_HOME}" --with-ssl=/usr/local/openssl make && make install echo -e "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/apr/lib\nexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/tomcat-native/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/lib\nexport LD_RUN_PATH=$LD_RUN_PATH:/usr/local/apr/lib" >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile cat >/usr/local/tomcat/bin/setenv.sh < LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat-native/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/lib export LD_LIBRARY_PATH EOF #tomcat配置文件 cat > /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml < type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> namePrefix="catalina-exec-" maxThreads="300" minSpareThreads="30"/> port="8080" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="900" disableUploadTimeout="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" enableLookups="false" compression="on" compressionMinSize="1024" /> resourceName="UserDatabase"/> prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> protocolHeader="X-Forwarded-Proto" protocolHeaderHttpsValue="https"/> EOF mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default useradd www -s /sbin/nologin chown -R www:www /usr/local/tomcat/ chmod -R 744 /usr/local/tomcat chown -R www:www /data/wwwroot/ #生成tomcat启动服务 cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service < [Unit] Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking Environment="JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64/"" ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh PrivateTmp=true User=www Group=www [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable tomcat systemctl restart tomcat